The rail industry facilitates the movement of millions of passengers and goods across the globe daily. However, with this, comes the responsibility to ensure the safety and security of both passengers, staff and infrastructure. One of the most critical aspects of rail safety is fire prevention and false alarm management.

Train fires are thankfully rare but when they do occur can involve huge numbers of civilian casualties. In 2019 a packed train in Pakistan was quickly engulfed in flames after a gas canister on board exploded, resulting in at least 70 deaths. And here in the UK, in February of this year dozens of passengers were forced to flee a burning Southeastern train at a station in Kent.

After decades of research modern train carriages are purposefully made from less flammable, sturdier material, while better train control and the reduction of flammable fuels within passenger compartments has reduced the associated risks considerably.

The rail industry in the UK and Europe has made significant strides in enhancing fire safety standards, many of which are being adopted further afield to reduce such tragic incidents as the one mentioned above. Stringent regulations, advanced technologies, and comprehensive training programs have been implemented to mitigate fire risks and ensure swift response in the event of an incident. However, there are some challenges which persist.

Aging infrastructure, budget constraints, and the sheer complexity of the rail networks make it an ongoing battle to maintain and improve safety measures. Regulations and standards form the foundations of fire safety in the rail industry. In the UK, organisations like the Rail Safety and Standards Board (RSSB) work in close collaboration with regulatory bodies to establish and enforce rigorous safety protocols. European standards, such as the EN 45545 series, provide a holistic framework for fire safety across member countries. These standards govern various aspects, including behaviour of materials, interior fittings, and fire detection and suppression systems, ensuring a unified approach to fire safety in the European rail sector.

Advanced life safety systems, utilising cutting-edge sensors and artificial intelligence, can identify potential fire risks in real-time as well as guide passengers and staff to safety. These systems enable proactive measures, such as triggering automatic fire suppression mechanisms or alerting authorities for swift intervention. Moreover, the integration of IoT (Internet of Things) technology allows for remote monitoring of trains and rail infrastructure, ensuring continuous surveillance and rapid response in an emergency.

One of the primary challenges is retrofitting older trains and stations with modern fire safety systems. The cost and logistical complexities associated with upgrading existing infrastructure often hinder the implementation of state-of-the art fire prevention technologies.

However, innovative solutions, such as modular retrofitting devices and public-private partnerships, can ease the financial burden and accelerate the process of enhancing fire safety in older rail assets. Another significant challenge lies in ensuring that railway staff and emergency responders are well versed and up to date in their training. Programs that simulate fire emergencies, combined with regular drills and updated procedures, are essential to equip railway personnel with the knowledge and skills necessary to handle fire incidents effectively. Moreover, collaboration between rail operators, firefighters, regulatory bodies, installation companies and life safety manufacturers can facilitate the exchange of best practices and lessons learned, fostering a culture of continuous improvement in fire safety protocols.

Looking ahead, the future of fire safety in the rail industry lies in sustainability and resilience. Sustainable materials, with enhanced fire-resistant properties, are becoming pivotal in the design and construction of trains and stations. Research and development in this field are crucial to developing eco-friendly, fire-resistant materials that meet both safety and environmental standards. Additionally, the integration of renewable energy sources, in 2019 we saw the launch of the world’s first solar farm powering rail. Run as a trial the line just outside Aldershot is potentially paving the way for solar-powered trains, enabling rail operations to reduce their carbon footprint.

Fire safety devices are also being designed and manufactured using recycled materials and greener processes to help the rail industry to meet government set green targets. Resilience, both in terms of infrastructure and response mechanisms, is another key focus area. Designing rail assets to withstand fire incidents, compartmentalising areas to prevent fire spread, and implementing redundant fire safety systems are essential steps toward building resilient rail networks. Furthermore, leveraging data analytics and predictive modelling can enhance risk assessment, allowing rail operators to prioritise maintenance efforts and allocate resources effectively.

Fire safety in the rail industry is a multifaceted challenge that demands a collective effort from governments, regulatory bodies, rail operators, technology providers, and the public. By adhering to stringent regulations, embracing technological innovations, overcoming challenges with creative solutions, and focusing on sustainability and resilience, the rail industry can continue to evolve into a safer mode of transportation. Ultimately, ensuring fire safety is not just a legal obligation; it is a moral imperative that underscores the industry’s commitment to the well-being of passengers, personnel, and the communities it serves. Only through steadfast dedication and continuous innovation can the rail industry uphold its promise of safe and efficient transportation for all.

Company profile

For over 100 years Hochiki has led the way in the design and manufacturer of innovative life safety solutions. Its leading edge commercial and industrial fire detection and emergency lighting products have acquired global acceptance as the benchmark for high integrity and long-term reliability. With global group sales turnover exceeding £400 million, Hochiki is a wholly independent, multinational, publicly listed company with over 2,000 employees working across six manufacturing plants, 38 sales offices and 14 subsidiaries.

Its ongoing commitment to manufacturing innovation ensures customer satisfaction and its production facilities in Japan, the USA and Europe offer international continuity in quality, service and supply.

To learn more about the benefits of Hochiki’s products for your transport environment, please visit:
www.hochikieurope.com/transport